Can you tell me about these pearls? Are they German?

They have knots in between and a maker's mark I don't recognize. Along with 585.

The eggy shapes point to their being cultured freshwater pearls from China.
585 is 14K gold (i.e. 585/1000 parts gold), but that just tells you the clasp was probably not made in the USA.
I do not recognize the mark after the 585, but marks on clasps are usually the manufacturer of the clasp, not the brand of pearls.

Ah. That is very helpful. I appreciate it.

The Clasp "M" is for Merlite which had high quality jewelry thru mail order. They used a wide variety of pearls. They look like early large freshwater to me too.